If you decide to undergo artificial insemination, there are various methods to choose from. All forms of so-called "assisted reproduction" are usually preceded by hormone treatment of the woman. Here we present the methods of artificial insemination.
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Sperm transfer (insemination)
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This method is mainly used when the partner has too few or insufficient motile sperm. Then the sperm cells are transferred directly into the uterus of the woman. The success rate is about 5 to 10 percent per attempt. After several attempts occurs in about 10 to 30 percent of cases a pregnancy.
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In-vitro fertilization (IVF)
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After hormone treatment, eggs are removed from the woman's ovary. In the test tube, the eggs are mixed with the sperm of the man. If fertilization occurs and the fertilized eggs continue to develop, an embryo is transferred to the uterus. Since the embryo does not always implant in the uterus, two to three embryos are often transferred. This procedure results in multiple births in about 20 percent of IVF treatments. The success rate is about 25 to 30 percent, and the live birth rate is 15 to 20 percent.
Intracytosplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
The ICSI method is a special form of IVF treatment. It is used when fertilization of the egg does not occur due to sperm quality during sperm transfer or IVF treatment. For this purpose, eggs are retrieved from the woman after hormone treatment. Then a single sperm cell is injected directly into the egg. If normal cell division takes place after fertilization, up to three embryos are transferred into the uterus of the woman.
TESE and MESA
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If there are no sperm cells in the man's seminal fluid, the so-called testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) are used. With surgical intervention, sperm can be obtained directly from the testicles (TESE) or epididymis (MESA) in some cases. The subsequent artificial insemination is carried out according to the ICSI method.
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Intratubal gamete transfer (GIFT)
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This procedure is a hybrid of sperm transfer (insemination) and in vitro fertilization. In GIFT, eggs are removed from the woman in a small operation. These are combined with the partner's prepared sperm and then injected via a catheter into one or both fallopian tubes. Fertilization then occurs naturally. The fertilized egg is supposed to travel to the uterus and implant there. The success rate is about 20 percent. Since the operation under general anesthesia brings higher risks of complications and there is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, the intratubal gamete transfer is no longer often practiced today.
For all treatment methods, they can not guarantee pregnancy, but increase the chances.